List of extinct Shi'a sects
The following is a list of extinct Shia sects (i.e. those Shia sects that no longer have any followers or practitioners).
- Bazighiyya- who believed that Ja'far al-Sadiq was God.
- Dhammiyya- who believed that Ali was God and Muhammad was his appointed Messenger and Prophet.
- Ghurabiyya- who believed the angel Gabriel was mistaken when passing on the prophecy to Muhammad instead of Ali.
- Ya’furiyya- who believed in Reincarnation and that a man named Mu’ammar al-Kufi was their Lord.
- Dukayniyya- who believed Muhammad’s followers fell into unbelief after his death because they did not uphold the Imamate of Ali.
- Jarudiyya- who believed the companions were sinful in failing to recognise Ali as the legitimate Caliph. Became extinct in Iran and Iraq but still survives in Yemen under the Hadawi sub-sect.
- Khalafiyya- who believed in a unique line of Imams after Zayd ibn Ali ibn Husayn ibn Ali, starting with a man named Abd al-Samad and continuing with his descendants.
- Khashabiyya- who believed that the Imamate must remain only among the descendents of Hasan and Husayn, even if that Imam is ignorant, immoral and tyrannical.
- Tabiriyya/Butriyya/Salihiyya- who believed the companions, including Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman, had been in error in failing to follow Ali, but it did not amount to sin.
Uncategorised Shia sects
- Alawites themselves trace their origins to the followers of the eleventh Imām, Hassan al-'Askarī (d. 873), and his pupil ibn Nuṣayr (d. 868).[1]The sect seems to have been organised by a follower of Muḥammad ibn Nuṣayr known as al-Khasibi, who died in Aleppo about 969. In 1032 Al-Khaṣībī's grandson and pupil al-Tabarani moved to Latakia, which was then controlled by the Byzantine Empire. Al-Tabarani became the perfector of the Alawi faith through his numerous writings. He and his pupils converted the rural population of the Syrian Coastal Mountain Range and the plain of Cilicia to the Alawi faith.[2] Professor Felix von Luschan (1911), according to his conclusions from anthropometric measurements, makes the Druze, Maronites, and Alawites, together with the Armenians, Bektashis, ‘Ali-Ilahis, and Yezidis of Asia Minor and Persia, the modern representatives of the ancient Hittites.[3]
- Fathites who believed Abdullah al-Aftah was the succeeding Imam after his father Ja'far al-Sadiq's death.
- Hurufites, who believed God is incarnated in every atom.
- Kaysanites- who believed in the Imamate of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah after the death of Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib.
- Khurramites, who believed that the spirit of God had existed in Muhammad, Alī and Abu Muslim Khorasani.
- Muhammadites- who believed that Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi was the true 11th Imam, rather than Hasan al-Askari.
- Nuqtavites, who believed in a cyclical view of time, reminiscent of the Isma'ili Shia.
- Soldiers of Heaven- who believed that their former leader Dia Abdul Zahra Kadim (died 2007 CE) was the Mahdi and reincarnation of Ali ibn Abi Talib.
- Tawussites, who believed that Ja'far al-Sadiq was the Mahdi and that he was alive and did not die.
- Waqifites, who believed in the Imamate of Musa al-Kadhim, but refused to accept the Imamate of his successor Ali ar-Ridha.
See also
References